Federal Shutdown Resources & FAQ
When the federal government shuts down or faces a funding lapse, millions of Americans need reliable information. This resource page compiles essential guidance for federal workers, contractors, beneficiaries, and concerned citizens.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a government shutdown?
A government shutdown occurs when Congress fails to pass appropriations legislation or a continuing resolution to fund federal government operations. Under the Anti-Deficiency Act, federal agencies must cease non-essential operations when funding expires. Essential services related to national security and protection of life and property continue, but hundreds of thousands of federal employees may be furloughed or forced to work without pay.
Which federal employees are affected?
During a full shutdown, approximately 800,000 federal employees across cabinet departments and independent agencies may be furloughed. During partial shutdowns, such as the 2026 DHS funding lapse, only employees of the unfunded agencies are affected. Employees deemed essential or excepted must continue working but will not receive paychecks until funding is restored.
Do federal employees get back pay?
Yes. Congress has consistently passed legislation guaranteeing back pay for furloughed federal employees once funding is restored. The Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019 made back pay automatic for future shutdowns. However, back pay does not cover the financial hardship employees face during the lapse itself.
What happens to federal benefits?
Social Security and Medicare benefits continue during shutdowns because they are mandatory spending programs not subject to annual appropriations. Medicaid and SNAP may face disruptions depending on state reserve funding. Federal employee health insurance continues during shutdowns.
Essential Resources
Office of Personnel Management (OPM): www.opm.gov – Official guidance for federal employees during shutdowns.
U.S. Senate: www.senate.gov – Track legislation and votes on appropriations bills.
U.S. House of Representatives: www.house.gov – View current funding bills and committee schedules.
Historical Shutdown Archive
Visit our History section for detailed accounts of past shutdowns including duration, causes, and consequences.
Last updated: May 2026. Information changes rapidly during active funding crises.